In my studies tonight I ran across this testament to the accuracy of the surveyor in 1854 with what he had to work with...the solar compass.
The contract for the important base line between the territories of Kansas and
Nebraska was awarded to a U. S. Deputy Surveyor named John P. Johnson on
November 2, 1854. Johnson was a 37-year-old Harvard University graduate who had
vied for the Surveyor General’s position of the Kansas and Nebraska Territories against
Calhoun. To appease Johnson, and the politically interested people who stood behind
him, Calhoun agreed to give Johnson the contract to establish the base line. Although
Johnson was well-educated, his actual expertise in the field was very limited, and his
knowledge of and familiarity with the solar compass was apparently nonexistent.
The
solar compass was capable of reading an angle to the nearest one-quarter degree and
its main significance was the instrument’s ability to provide the deputy surveyor with
an azimuth originating with the sun rather than a dependence upon a magnetic needle
whose direction was subject to magnetic variation. "