As far as I can understand their gobbledlygook, the TNF defines prospecting as the extraction of minerals, and other than a grab sample (which I assume is defined as nothing larger than what you can hold in your hand) such extraction is not allowed because it is defined as "mining" which is not allowed except with an approved intent or plan on a legal claim with valid existing rights in the SWA. In other words, you can't file for a new claim, so essentially the act of obtaining a "grab sample" is meaningless for the most part.
The process of obtaining a treasure trove is equally as absurd. IIRC, Ron (H.E.A.T.) discussed this process on another forum, as did Roger, and both of them described the bureaucratic process as one that is very frustrating and requiring a lot of patience, as it potentially takes years. Ron said that it took him almost 3 years to get an okay, and he had to hire a Washington, D.C. attorney to facilitate the process.
And even then, whatever you procure is liable to seizure should the state or government find it worthwhile to do so.
This is one reason I have been beating up on the show mercilessly- because it conveys the impression that it's "hunky-dory" to set off on a treasure hunt in the Superstitions without repercussions. If you find treasure, you can be certain you will not be allowed to keep it. If you sneak it out, you are committing a felony.
Certainly not a win-win situation.