Springfield
Silver Member
I believe that ALL natural valuables in New Spain (the Spanish territories) were considered the property of the King. The King would issue charters to different explorations groups to come here and search for the valuables.....gold, silver,and to a lesser extent, semiprecious gems. The "pay" for the explorers was that they could keep 4/5ths of their finds and separate out 1/5th for the King. That 5th was to be hiddened separately from the other finds, and in many cases, separate trails OUT were called for. Only the King's cut was allowed to travel the King's trail.
So, technically, ALL mines in the Spanish territories were the King's Mines. ...
That may be the opinion of the treasure book writers, stack, but Mexican historians differ:
Ward (1820):
"The King (individually) was not proprietor of a single mine, nor is there one instance, since the Conquest, of an attempt having been made by the Government to interfere with the mode of working adopted by individuals, or to diminish the profits of the successful adventurer, under any plea, or pretence, from the more fortunate, a higher rate of duties than that which was payable by the poorest miner to the Royal Treasury. By this judicious liberality and good faith, the fullest scope was given for private exertion; and this, in a country where mineral treasures are so abundant, was soon found to be all that was requisite in order to ensure their production to a great extent."
Humboldt (1822) agrees with this judgment:
"All the metallic wealth is in the hands of individuals. The government possesses no other mine … The individuals receive from the king a grant of a certain number of measures on the direction of a vein or a bed; and they are only held to pay very moderate duties on the ores extracted from the mines." ....
Mining-Led Growth in Bourbon Mexico,the Role of the State, and the Economic Cost of Independence, By Rafael Dobado and Gustavo A. Marrero
No. 06/07-1 of The David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, Working Papers on Latin America.
There was an entire thread on this subject last year:
http://www.treasurenet.com/forums/treasure-marks-signs/278600-who-owned-those-spanish-mines.html