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I don't see anything about the lock, stock, or brass fittings that tells me those parts haven't always been together. I don't think anything on it has been replaced.
As to the barrel... It's entirely possible that when this gun was built the gunsmith reused an old barrel and built a modern (at the time) gun with it. Gun barrels were expensive, and it would just make good sense to reuse one that was still in good shape rather than to scrap it and buy a brand new one. It doesn't bother me at all to think the barrel started out on an older flintlock that someone wanted upgraded, that was a pretty common practice.
The mark is called a proof mark, which means at least the barrel, if not the entire gun was built probably either in Belgium or England. Google this ---antique firearms proof marks --- and you will get loads of information. If you can compare the proof mark on your gun with one of the many proof marks you will find in your research, many of your questions will be answered. Regarding who ever is saying your gun has been converted from flint, the lock mechanism has to be inlet into the wood. That means wood was cut away, and I see no evidence of that. I would like who ever is saying that your gun is converted from flint lock, to show me a picture of a back action flint lock that was used on anything.