All I can tell you is that it is an old style "heavy nut", Wrench size was larger on the heavy nuts. Having a machined base/seat tells me it is from after 1900. Doesn't look like brass. Could be a head nut or many other apps.
Just an observation....Large brass or brass alloy nuts similar to that were used on exhaust manifold to exhaust pipe connections from the 1930’s up till the 1980’s, maybe even later. The brass wouldn’t rust and would take the heat. Brass was actually used on several other parts such as electric starters and electrical connections.