Archeologists have found clay marbles in Egyptian, Aztec, and prehistoric Pueblo ruins.
Marbles, (made from Marbles), we're produced from the mid 1800's until the patent of the Glass marble producing machine in 1900.
Can't really tell from the picture, but if your marble is made from clay baked in a kiln, I would guesstimate it to have been made between 1850 and 1900??