Here's some buttons I have found in the past do you know what they are

DiggingThePast777

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The first two are what are referred to as Great Seal buttons. Used by the US Army on uniforms for years. Back mark and back construction would help in dating them. By the looks of them they are from two different time periods.

The US button is actually a Collar Brass insignia for the uniform. Again the back of it would help date it. The last two I don't know enough about to say anything on them.

This link will help you date the US collar insignia.

https://hglanham.tripod.com/metalinsignia/collardisk1.html
 

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Everything Ffuries told you about your buttons is correct. Except, perhaps, the first two are actually the same version. The US Army first adopted the "Great Seal of the United States" for its uniform buttons in 1902. Until 1910, those buttons did not have a raised rim. Yours do have it, so they are post-1910. Then until 1923, the "Great Seal" buttons had what was called "black finish" on them because being shiny yellow brass color could reveal a hidden soldier's position to the enemy. There's too much gunk on yours for us to see whether or not there is any black finish on them.

Your button showing an eagle standing on a horizontal anchor is a 20th-Century "Fashion" clothing-industry crude imitation of the actual US Navy uniform button. A major clue about "Fashion" imitations is, the emblem lacks the crisp sharp detail seen on actual US Military uniform buttons. See the closeup photo of an actual US Navy button, below. Also, another ID-clue for actual US Navy buttons... note that the tops of the eagle's wings are sharp-pointed, not round-ish like on your Fashion imitation.

As Mud Hut helpfully pointed toward, your last button is not a Military button... but instead, is a Civilian-usage button from the very-early 1800s. Button-collectors call that specific type a brass 1-piece flatbutton. When that type has indented (not raised) lettering in the backmark, it dates from about 1810 into the 1830s.
 

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