Thedukeofdelaware asked:
> ""I'm still pretty new at this, how can I tell what metal it is?
Duke, with more experience you'll be able to tell the ID of the most common varieties of metals by the color of their patina (oxidation/corrosion) and its "texture" (smooth, grainy, chalky, or brittle), and the metal's comparative heaviness, and its comparative strength.
Patina color and texture:
Copper and brass (which is an alloy of copper with "about" 25% zinc) tend form a greenish or brownish fairly smooth-textured patina... although in highly acidic soil it can be chalky or grainy. (Your "heavy little rod thing" appears to be made of brass.) Very old PURE lead tends to form a white-ish patina. Lead-alloys (such as solder, and 20th Century bullet-lead) tend to be a smooth-textured medium to dark grey. "Pot-metal" (a cheap alloy used for making very inexpensive jewelry, souvenir belt-buckles and toy guns, etc) tends to be medium grey to dark grey with a chalky or crumbly surface.
I must mention that there are occasional exceptions to metal patina ID-characteristics information above. I'm just telling you what we "most often" see.
Weight:
Lead is heavier than zinc and pot-metal, which is heavier than aluminum.
Strength:
Lead and aluminum are easily bend-able.
Most folks dislike making a scrape on something they've dug, but sometimes a tiny scrape is needed to determine the original color of the metal... such as pink/orange for copper, and yellow for brass, and pale-yellow for bronze.
Try doing some metal-ID learning tests on junk metal you dig.