That iron ball meets the rigorous criteria for being an actual historical cannonball.
1- Its 4.50-inches diameter is within the very narrow range specified by the US 1861 Ordnance Manual for a 12-Pounder caliber Solid-Shot cannonball.
Cannon bore, shot, and shell diameters for smoothbore guns
2- Its precisely-measured weight of 12.2 pounds is also within the very narrow range specified in the Manual for that caliber of cannonball.
3- Its body appears to be a "True Sphere" -- like a glass marble, no out-of-roundness, or lumps, bumps, or flat spots, or raised band on its surface.
Lastly... this ball's Diameter-To-Weight Ratio proves it is made of simple cast-iron, not steel. That is important because the Ordnance Manual says all cannonballs were to be made of cast-iron. Steel is used for Ore/Rock-crusher balls, because it is much stronger than cast-iron.
By the way:
Sports Shot-Put balls are very carefully manufactured to weight EXACTLY the weight in pounds or kilograms which is prescribed in that sport's rules. That is why some Shot Put balls have a plugged hole in them, to let you add or subtract a slight amount of weight (usually in the form of lead pellets) so the ball will weigh PRCISELY what the Sports Regulation specifies. A 12-pound Shot Put ball will always weight exactly 12.00 pounds. Therefore, this ball's precisely-measured weight (12.2 pounds) also proves it is not a Sports Shot-Put ball.