The lost Treasure of Napoleon Bonaparte

Crow

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Hello TT

The lost treasure of Napoleon Bonaparte grand army is an interesting one. For me personally it is too much of large area to search too full of complexities however that said for some it may be manageable. this said there still The possibility of finding a soldier cache from that date. By tracing the original route the grand Army took in retreat? The event must of left poor Napoleon Bonaparte devastated to lose such a captured treasure.

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The story of Undiscovered gems of French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte are still haunts the minds of both treasure seekers and adventure lovers worldwide, but especially in France. Almost right after Napoleon’s so-called “Russian Campaign” in 1812, as well as half a century later, surviving former officers and ordinary soldiers of the French Grande Armée literally implored the Russian authorities to let them come back to our country in search for the great commander’s hidden treasure.


Many of those enthusiasts were allowed to Russia and even provided with money, people and vehicles but returned to France empty-handed, having found nothing on Russia’s illimitable territories where the two armies clashed and where Napoleon’s teeming treasures were allegedly concealed. Generally speaking, this came as no surprise for anyone, given that the late autumn of 1812 only saw those treasure hunters hastily fleeing the enemy’s push along the devastated Russian roads.


The location of their commander’s trove was naturally the last thing they thought about back in those days. And still, many soldiers and officers were hopeful that Napoleon did hide the looted valuables somewhere in Russia after all. Referring to geographic and archive materials, many will try to renew the subject of the French emperor’s legendary jewels. So, let’s begin our little journey…shall we?


October 19th, 1812, Napoleon’s troops were leaving the nearly burnt to the ground Moscow. Five weeks before that, they had been looting not only the citizens’ private houses but also the Kremlin and Moscow’s numerous churches. Having collected a lot of gold and silver items, candlesticks, icon frames and jewelry, the French even removed the gilded cross from the Russian capital’s famous Ivan the Great Bell Tower. When leaving Moscow, each of Napoleon’s soldiers appeared as nothing but a walking treasure, with at least 10 kilograms of stolen valuables on him.

The Patriotic War of 1812.jpg


The transportation of the emperor’s loot alone required 200 horse-drawn vehicles. Having decided to retreat, Bonaparte ordered his troops to blow up the Kremlin in revenge for the three unsuccessful offers of peace to Russian Emperor Alexander I. As a result, several Kremlin towers were ruined, as well as some of its walls, the Arsenal’s building, the Assumption Belfry and the Filaret Annex located right next to the Ivan the Great Bell Tower.


0914-fire-of-moscow-1812.jpg


Both in the autumn of 1812 and much later, Napoleon considered the movement of his army towards Smolensk a march rather than retreat. In the early morning hours of October 25th, French reconnaissance attempts were frustrated by a group of Russian Cossacks who attacked Napoleon’s escort.


Napoleon-retreating-from-moscow.jpg


The same morning witnessed a council of war taking place in the French army where Napoleon and his marshals decided to leave Russia via Borovsk and Vereya to Mozhaisk and then Smolensk. In fact, October 25th 1812 became the first day of Napoleon troops’ genuine retreat. Over 14,000 mounted cavalry, nearly 90,000 boot-borne troops and some 12,000 non-combatant and ill soldiers passed through the Kaluga Gate - a total of 116,000 people and 569 hardware items.


Napoleon’s retreat along the Kaluga Road was only hampered by an early winter and frosts that came all of a sudden in late October. The starving and freezing French soldiers were constantly attacked by the Russian army’s forward infantry force and guerillas.

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The load of treasures looted from Moscow prevented the French from moving faster and forced them to hide the gold and the gems anywhere around to come back one day to find them. Emperor Bonaparte was compelled to part with his treasure as well. At least, the mentioned 200 horse-drawn vehicles never managed to reach France and were said to have been concealed somewhere in Russia. Since then, there have been a lot of attempts to discover them.

To be continued...

Crow
 

So an interesting treasure yarn in deed? Perhaps we need to look at Sir Walter Scott

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Walter Scott’s 14-volume series titled The Life of Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the Frenchin St. Petersburg, Nikolay Khmelnitsky, the then governor of Smolensk, read the following in one of the books: “Napoleon commanded that the Moscow loot - ancient armor, guns and a big cross from the Ivan the Great Bell Tower - were thrown into the Semlev Lake as trophies that he did not want to lose but was not able to carry with him.”A poet, playwright and governor, Khmelnitsky was enchanted by this news - Napoleon’s loot was buried just outside Smolensk! Adding to his confidence in the credibility of Walter Scott’s lines were memoirs of French marshals and generals, particularly Bonaparte’s most-informed aide Philippe-Paul De Ségur.

GĂ©rard_-_Philippe_Paul_comte_de_SĂ©gur_(1780-1873).jpg



In 1824-1829, the latter published his memoirs about the French army’s “Russian Campaign” that read as follows: “From Gzhatsk to the Mikhailovskaya village, between Dorogobuzh and Smolensk, the imperial convoy met with nothing remarkable, except that we had to throw the entire Moscow pillage into the Semlev Lake: cannons, ancient guns, Kremlin jewelry and Ivan the Great cross. Trophies, fame - all the blessings for which we had sacrificed everything - became a burden for us. Now we only thought about how to save our lives.” De Ségur compared the French army with a big ship broken by a terrible storm, throwing everything hampering its advance into the sea of snow.


Apart from a little less detailed version suggested by Walter Scott, this text reveals several literature references to the fact of Moscow loot’s having been drowned in the Semlev Lake.
Along with the French general’s memoirs, there is a very curious report by a Russian lieutenant colonel on January 9th, 1836. He wrote that during his visit to the Vyazemsky region, where the mentioned lake is located, in search of more information, he found out that following the French retreat, a local landowner sent 40 gun carriages to the country court, with their cannons never discovered. The Russian officer concluded that the army’s deplorable state prevented the retreating French soldiers from taking the loot any farther and could have made them bury all the useless guns in the lake, even without Napoleon’s orders.


Judging by these literature works and sure that the treasure was almost in his hands, Smolensk Governor Nikolay Khmelnitsky ordered to exhaust the lake but found nothing valuable there. Later, treasure-hunting efforts around the Semlev village also involved several St. Petersburg citizens, among them warrant officer von Ludwig, and a person named Chetverikov. However, none of them succeeded in discovering the traces of Napoleon’s lost gems.


The next stage of this large-scale treasure hunt in Russia and the Smolensk province in particular lasted from 1910 to 1912 to coincide with the 100th anniversary of victory in the 1812 Patriotic War. It proved fruitless as well.
The search for buried valuables continued in the Soviet period, with the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper sending a delegation of its employees to the Semlev Lake. They had been working in vain for two years, from 1958 to1960, having found neither gold or silver, nor cannons or guns dating back to the 1812 war era.


The failed expedition made most treasure seekers sit up and think whether the notorious treasure exists after all?

Or does is it?

to be continued

Crow
 

Thanks Crow for this interesting topic. I Would like to read the remaining part as well.
To help in the pondering here is a link I posted sometime back on the topic.The link explains version 4 of the whereabouts of the treasure,and you can see also the the other 3 versions in the website.

1812: mystery over looted treasures - version 4 - News - The Voice of Russia: News, Breaking news, Politics, Economics, Business, Russia, International current events, Expert opinion, podcasts, Video

According to the ''version 4'' The areas around Vilinus and possibly Kaunas (cities of present day Lithuania) are candidates for the treasures of Napoleon . Of particular interest is to read of an alleged diary of an inn or house keeper in Vilinus-- the city where the retreating soldiers rested a bit after Naploeon was urged to go to Paris ahead of the army. According to this inn owner he saw " mysterious carts were riding out of his yard, a wooden barrel slipped off onto the ground and broke into pieces, gold coins pouring out of it. None of the guards bothered to pause to pick them up'' . If the account of this diary is true the treasure (or at-least part of it) had made it until Vilinius ..Could it be buried around Vilinus ?

Another thing to consider is that the Grande army of Napoleon that marched to Russia, contrary to popular opinion may not have consisted of french troops only. His 500 thousand troops (some estimates 700,00, some lower it ) consisted of multi national soldiers from the European countries he conquered. I forgot where I read it but some suggest maybe one third of the grande army consisted of French the rest are multi-nationals.

tintin treasure
 

Hello TT that is true there was many foreign nationals in his army many deserted with their own share of treasure. Here is a newspaper story below of some treasure found.... 17th September 1888

Daily Telegraph , Monday 17 September 1888, page 3 TREASURE CHEST FOUND.jpg

Tells the story where descendant with instructions from his Grandfather who buried a chest near the main road of thier retreat from Moscow. Me personally I suspect all loot from the ransacking of Moscow was buried in thousands of locations during the course of their disastrous retreat from Russia by soldiers out of desperation. Much treasure I have no doubt was recovered soon after the Grand Army retreated by locals. I do not think there is one large depositary of looted treasure clearly as history has shown they did not have enough time to organize such a large burial in wintery conditions starving.

Crow
 

We can show Napoleons actual order via this document letter that recently sold for 250000 dollars. It was a treasure in itself.

The order to loot and burn Moscow dated October 20 1812

It is write in a number code and its translation side by side.

code-and-translation.jpg

Crow
 

thanks Crow for the link . What you say makes sense given the situations.In a way It also suggests that the loot was big. Whatever Napoleon ordered to be buried in certain locations, especially the more important shiny church and Krelmlin relics,he took the info to his grave...I guess he was also reluctant while exiled in his second island to disclose much information except just mention of a certain treasure in France.I forgot the story he mentioned..

tintin treasure
 

Later in exile in St helena Island, Napoloen was hoping that certain sympathetic British political elites to be elected who had a plan for him to be the leader of an emerging post Spanish South American empire.He used to get British newspapers and closely following British politics for these people to get power.But unfortunately he died before that happened. There was also a story that his faithful ex-soldiers from his Grande army who fled to America were planning to rescue him in a covert mission.

tintin treasure
 

Hello TT Napoleon is associate with many treasure from his conflicts. He just wasn't good a keeping them.:laughing7:

Crow
 

Hello Crow Yeah,but we have to realize that he may have spent a significant part of his treasures on his campaigns as well

tintin treasure
 

TT yes as much as he made money he spent it.....

Here is another 1898 newspaper story of cache being found....

Wagga Wagga Express  Saturday 13 August 1898, page 4.jpg

For me there is perhaps thousands of small Caches littered along the line of the Grand Armies retreat from Russia. Detectorists today have a change to perhaps discover these small caches of looted Moscow treasure.

Crow
 

True Crow. For decades many grounds in Russia and boarder areas have been searched.Some may have been found as you posted but not that much compared to the loot(200 carts full etc ). Hence for me it would more logical to map the journey and make a new search in the relatively unsearched areas including the areas in Lithuania.

tintin treasure
 

Hello TT yes that is the method I would use also tracing the exact route of thier retreat using old maps of 1812 and see if the modern roads are still in place of old roads of 1812?. That and finding any more journals of the retreat French and Russian if possible.. But one thing you have to remember we still do not how much the Russian Cossacks recovered along the way as they Followed the disingrating Grand Army. Many Journals of Russian offers perhaps have not survived to present day that might shed more light on the event.

Also there might be Journals of Dutch and another European nationalities that was in the grand Army all of theses may have pertinent information help track the Grand Armies retreat.

Crow
 

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Hello TT

I suspect as the Grand Army retreated law and order broke down and every man looted for himself as Napoleons army progressively desintergrated from cold and Cossack attacks. Much treasure was recovered either fortunate locals in Spring thaw or by the Russians themselves. However I do believe hundreds of cahes of treasure remains to be found along the course of the Grand Armies retreat.

And hell a rotten back pack full of gold coins would be a cool find indeed anyway.

Ya know may people want the big one and yet its the small ones that bring home the proverbial bacon.

Crow
 

Hello TT

I suspect as the Grand Army retreated law and order broke down and every man looted for himself as Napoleons army progressively desintergrated from cold and Cossack attacks. Much treasure was recovered either fortunate locals in Spring thaw or by the Russians themselves. However I do believe hundreds of cahes of treasure remains to be found along the course of the Grand Armies retreat.

And hell a rotten back pack full of gold coins would be a cool find indeed anyway.

Ya know may people want the big one and yet its the small ones that bring home the proverbial bacon.

Crow
Crow..that is reasonable. Especially the finds by the local peasants would never be known. Probably the most shiny bigger relics could still be buried somewhere because there was still some kind of chain of command (at least in some measure)as it was the military commanders that urged Napoleaon to leave ahead of the army to Paris to stabilize situation as rumours might fuel unrest in his empire.At this juncture they could also decide the fate of a measure of the treasure.By in large however the bulky army was scattered everywhere to save his life maybe making it away with some loot,,it is also recorded some contingents after Napoleon left to Paris made it to Vilnuis and was seen with carts of gold but thier fate after they left Vilnuis is uncertain,either attacked and looted or they might have buried it.

tintin treasure
 

But even those contingents that may have made it outside the danger zone could still take the treasure for themselves...suppose a contingent made up of Dutch ad Italians,might not be motivated to go all the way to Paris instead they would slip away with thier loots to thier respective counties along the way,even the French ones would slip away to thier countryside.Probably not as a matter of desertion but because they would think the Russian disaster could mean the end of Napoloen empire and an end to thier job.

tintin treasure
 

TT

Its possible but its late and this tired old Crow needs to roost. I have squawked enough tonight.

Crow
 

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