You are mistaken about the middle of calderas. Most Calderas have little to no metal content - however one or more
edges of the intrusion zone is quite often highly mineralized.
The Superstition caldera is a resurgent Caldera. It first collapsed into a medium sized Caldera then went through a long period of lava and ash eruptions which filled the Caldera. Those lava and ash flows contain no gold. The Caldera is bounded on the north by some barren plutons and on the west by the Valley of the Sun trench but the south eastern edge of the Superstition caldera is well known as one of the richest mineral deposits in the world. Kinda near where you are looking ... some of the richest mines in the world that have been in continuous operation since the 1870's and 1890's kind of mines. You probably drive by them while you are looking for mines.
Here's a map of the whole caldera area. It is an aerial view with roads and faults overlaid. You can see Apache Junction and Gold Camp on the west, Hwy 60 east west along the southern rim of the Caldera and a whole bunch of giant white holes dug in the mountains just to the north of the highway around Miami, Claypool and Globe. These rich pits and shafts cover more than 300 square miles of the Superstitions. There have been billions of dollars of copper, gold and brass monkeys mined from those pits and shafts. Even today mining, exploration and even new mines are ongoing in the area.
As a geologist ( I'm not one but I work with some of the best in the world ) If I were looking for Jacob's mine I'd look where the minerals are - no matter what the magic hat or map or rabbit's foot says.
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